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explained by educational investment alone. Quite 
evidently, there are other forces, too, which lead to 
a diffusion of incomes; we have to think only of the 
emergence of more and more elevated managers and 
supermanagers, of the specialisation of skills and 
aptitudes (doctors, scientists, engineers) and of 
the rise of some sportsmen as well as actors, singers 
and painters to the highest ranges of the income scale. 
What are the forces at work here? On the one hand we 
have the growing scale and complexity of organizations 
in our society - industrial concerns, hospitals and 
health services, schools and universities, government 
agencies of all kinds - which involve the growth of 
managerial hierarchies - pyramids of increasing height. 
Next we have the differentiations of skills resulting 
from the growing complexity of our techniques. Finally 
we have the growth of the mass media (films, gramophone 
records, broadcasting and television, magazines, mass- 
circulation papers, sports and show business) which has 
enormously increased the public which a sucessful star 
can reach in one performance. This removes the constraints 
against a diffusion of income (in a society lacking the 
feudal maecenas) and produces larger and larger top 
stars.