13 
to these experiences by decentralisation:In some cases 
they have tried everything to make the managers of their 
sub-entities feel more nearly like owners of separate firms. 
This behaviour of the large concerns ( especially in the 
technological industries ) is witness both to their own 
difficulties and to the successes of smaller firms. 
The common feature of these changed circumstances is the 
fact that the human element in production has gained 
a new weight due to the importance of skill in the 
technological industries. This starts from the research 
personel, but it does not end there, it extends to the 
skilled workers who after the period of "Fordism" 
is passing away, are again coming back. 
The Demand Constraint ( Realisation ) 
The realisation of surplus value is indeed 
the life and death question of capitalist 
accumulation. 
Rosa Luxemburg, Die Akkumulation des Kapitals. 
While Marx treated with great acumen the supply constraints 
on accumulation, he had little to say about the demand 
constraints. The topic of underconsumption is treated 
in Das Kapital only rarely and rather cursorily. 
This is the more surprising since he had created in the 
department scheme of Vol.2 and ideal instrument for 
analysing the circuit of demand, cost and income; but 
he never reaped the fruit of this brilliant idea. 
It was left to Rosa Luxemburg to proceed with its 
application and to Michal Kalecki to bring it fully to fruition.