qh 
be no one else’s (5), do with as one wishes (4), acquire (2), earn (2), and have for one’s self (2). 
Friedman Tests of differences in the frequencies of verb mention were statistically 
non-significant for Cree explanations of own (n=40, X=.47, df =23, p=1.00) and first-mentioned 
explanations (n=40, X=.38, df =23, p=1.00) and for English-Canadian explanations of own 
(n=40, X=5.28, df =23, p = 1.00) and first-mentioned explanations (n=40, X=1.84, df =23, 
p = 1.00). As with the other unconstrained task and measures, these results indicate that there 
was no differentiation of the 24 verbs under study with the two semantic proximity measures 
used for the explanation task. 
However, the results of the two constrained psycholinguistic tasks were more amenable 
to quantitative analysis. These appear in Table 12, where the rank-transformed scores are 
presented in approximate order of similarity to own. Friedman Tests of differences in verb 
rankings were statistically significant for the Cree card sort task (n=40, X=53.70, df =23, 
p <.001), for the Cree scaling task (n=40, X=74.16, df =23, p <.001), for the English-Canadian 
card sort task (n =40, X=157.96, df =23, p<.001), and for the English-Canadian scaling task 
(n=40, X=252.63, df =23, p<.001). This indicates that the tasks and measures did differentiate 
the 24 verbs from one another. Spearman rank-order correlations were positive for the Cree 
card sort and Cree scaling data (n=24, r=.81, p<.001) and for the English-Canadian card sort 
and scaling data (n=24, r=.77, p<.001). This indicates that the constrained psycholinguistic 
methods replicated each other to a significant extent. 
Further analyses suggest that Cree and English-Canadian concepts of owning are 
somewhat similar. In Table 12, the Spearman correlation between the Cree and the 
English-Canadian card sort data was positive (n=24, r =.58, p =.003), as was the Spearman 
correlation between the Cree and the English-Canadian scaling data (n =24, r =.69, p<.001). 
These correlations indicate some similarity, but certainly not identity, between Cree and English 
concepts of owning. To some undertermined extent, this similarity may result from the verb 
selection process which placed a priority on selecting verbs that were common to both 
languages. 
Even though similar, there were replicated, significant differences between the Cree and 
the English-Canadians on three of the 24 verbs under study. In Table 12, significant differences, 
at p <.05 based on the Mann-Whitney U Test, between Cree and English-Canadian ordinal 
rankings of verb similarities to own are indicated by inequality signs. Differences that are