{ 
8 
Thus, the incoherence of the dominion construct for the Cree does not mean the 
component verbs of dominion (claim, keep and control) are unimportant to the Cree concept of 
owning. Control, in particular, was among the verbs most similar to own for both the Cree and 
the English-Canadians, indistinguishably so on both the card sort task (U=695, p =.31) and the 
scaling task (U= 798, p=.99). However, it seems that control has less of a meaning of keep and 
protect for the Cree. On the card sort task, the greatest differences between the Cree and the 
English-Canadians in cluster groupings for control were (giving difference counts in 
parentheses) on keep (-10) and protect (-11). On the scaling task, Spearman correlations show 
the Cree concept of control to be unrelated to either keep (n =40, r =.08, p =.63) or protect (n = 40, 
r=.02, p =.91), whereas, for the English-Canadians, control with respect to own was positively 
related to keep (n=40, r=.49, p =.004) and to protect (n=40,r=.36, p =.02). For both the Cree 
and English-Canadians, respectively, control was positively related to possess (n =40, r =.42, 
p =.007; n=40, r=.46, p =.003). 
It also is evident in Table 13 that possession was not a coherent construct for this 
English-Canadian sample. As with the ferry queue sample in Study 2, it appears that have 
includes some meaning of dominion (n =40, r =.30, p =.04); whereas, possess does not (n=40, 
r=-,01, p =.48). 
Before turning to the qualitative interview data, it should be noted that generational or 
acculturative differences were not evident in the quantitative analyses. To exclude the 
possibility that younger Cree might have acculturated to, and adopted, English-Canadian 
ownership concepts, the 20 older Cree were compared with the 20 older English-Canadians. 
Verbs showing differences between the Cree and English-Canadians which replicated on the 
card sorting task and the scaling task respectively were need (n=20, U=94, p =.004; n = 20, 
U=96, p =.005), want (n=20, U=90, p=.003; n=20, U=110, p=.02), and desire (n=20, U=104, 
p=.009; n=20, U=104, p=.009). A comparison of the correlations of age with verbs for the two 
societies revealed no differences that replicated In both the card sort and scaling tasks. A 
comparison of older Cree with younger Cree on each of the verbs by means of the 
Mann-Whitney U Test found no differences on any of the verbs that replicated in the card sort 
and the scaling tasks. It would thus appear that generational or accuiturative changes in the 
meaning of ownership for the Cree are either non-existent or too subtle to be identified by these 
quantificational analyses.