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APPENDIX C:
TEN SCALES FROM JACKSON'S (1984) PERSONALITY RESEARCH FORM
DESCRIPTIONS OF HIGH SCORERS & DEFINING TRAIT ADJECTIVES
ABASEMENT: Shows a high degree of humility, accepts blame & criticism even when not
deserved; willing to accept an inferior position; tends to be self-effacing.
Meek, self-accusing, self-blaming, obsequious, self-belittling, surrendering, resigned,
self-critical, humble, apologizing, subservient, obedient, yielding, deferential,
self-subordinating.
AFFILIATION: Enjoys being with friends and people in general; accepts people readily;
makes efforts to win friendships and maintain associations with people.
Neighborly, loyal, warm, amicable, good-natured, friendly, companionable, genial, affable,
cooperative, gregarious, hospitable, sociable, affiliative, good-willed.
AUTONOMY: Tries to break away from restraints, confinement, or restrictions of any kind;
enjoys being unattached, free, not tied to people, places, or obligations; may be rebellious when
faced with restraint. ;
Unmanageable, free, self-reliant, independent, autonomous, rebellious, unconstrained,
individuatistic, ungovernable, self-determined, non-conforming, uncompliant, undominated,
resistant, lone-wolf.
CHANGE: Likes new and different experiences; dislikes routine and avoids it; may readily
change opinions or values in different circumstances; adapts readily to changes in
environment.
Inconsistent, fickle, flexible, unpredictable, wavering, mutable, adaptable, changeable,
irregular, variable, capricious, innovative, flighty, vacillating, inconsistent.
DEFENDENCE: Ready to defend self against real or imagined harm from other people;
takes offense easily; does not accept criticism readily.
Self-protective, justifying, denying, defensive, self-condoning, suspicious, secretive, has
a "chip on the shoulder”, resists inquiries, protesting, wary, self-excusing, rationalizing,
guarded, touchy.
DOMINANCE: Attempts to control environment, and to influence or direct other people;
expresses opinions forcefully; enjoys the role of leader and may assume it spontaneously.
Governing, controlling, commanding, domineering, influential, persuasive, forceful,
ascendant, leading, directing, dominant, assertive, authoritative, powerful, supervising.
NUTURANCE: Gives sympathy and comfort; assists others whenever possible; interested
in caring for children, the disabled, or the infirmed; offers a "helping hand” to those in need;
readily performs favors for others.
Sympathetic, paternal, helpful, benevolent, encouraging, caring, protective, comforting,
maternal, supporting, aiding, ministering, consoling, charitable, assisting.
ORDER: Concerned with keeping personal effects and surroundings neat and organized:
dislikes clutter, confusion, lack of organization; interested in developing methods for keeping
materials methodically organized.
Neat, organized, tidy, systematic, well-ordered, disciplined, prompt, consistent, orderly,
clean, methodical, scheduled, planful, unvarying, deliberate.
SOCIAL RECOGNITION: Desires to be held in high esteem by acquaintances; concern
reputation and what other people think; works for approval and recognition from others.
Approval seeking, proper, well-behaved, seeks recognition, courteous, makes good
impression, seeks respectability, accommodating, socially proper, seeks admiration, obliging,
agreeable, socially sensitive, desirous of credit, behaves appropriately.
DESIRABILITY: Describes self in terms judged as desirable; consciously or
unconsciously, accurately or inaccurately, presents favorable picture of self in response to
personality statements.